Цикл материалов «Создание блога на PHP»
Первая лекция – вступительная. Практических примеров и задач будет минимум, мы поговорим о более абстрактных вещах. Но уже на втором уроке мы перейдём к практических задачам.
Почему мы выбрали именно блог?Блог – наиболее популярный формат сайта. Если вы научитесь создавать с нуля блог, без проблем можно расширить свои умения и на интернет-магазин и на порталы побольше.
Формат блога очень популярен. Кроме того, если вы научитесь создавать с нуля блог, без проблем можно расширить свои умения и на интернет-магазин и на порталы побольше.
Наши рамкиМы используем PHP, MySQL и не используем фреймворки. Веб-сервер у вас уже настроен.
Создание блога – нетривиальная задача (если, конечно, не рассматривать готовые платформы типа LiveJournal или Blogger). Вариантов её реализации – тысячи и нам необходимо определить рамки задачи:
- Мы используем PHP. Есть много других языков и платформ для бекенда, использование любого из них – дело вкуса. Мы будем говорить о чистом PHP и о паттернах программирования. Будем считать, что базовые знания по PHP у вас есть.
- Мы используем MySQL. В качестве БД можно использовать и другие СУБД, но мы будем использовать MySQL как самую популярную. В будущем можно будет подключить Memcached.
- Мы не используем готовые CMS. Поскольку наша цель – подтянуть PHP и изучить архитектуру блога, мы не будем использовать готовые CMS, ведь в большинстве случаев разработка блога на CMS – это всё-таки вёрстка и настройка блога в административной панели.
- Мы не используем фреймворки. Фреймворки – это хорошо, классно и правильно, но, опять же, цель нашего урока – глубже изучить PHP, а фреймворки дают некоторый уровень абстракции и отдаляют нас от тех поучительных граблей и тумаков.
- Будем считать, что веб-сервер у вас уже настроен.
С рамками определились, продолжаем.
Что нужно знать для того, чтобы создать блог на PHP с нуля?
В данном цикле статей я буду рассказывать об архитектуре, местами я расскажу о нюансах того или иного подхода, но для начала у вас уже должны быть знания следующих языков программирования / технологий:
- PHP – будет использоваться в качестве языка бекенда.
- MySQL – будем использовать в качестве хранилища.
- HTML + CSS – базовые знания.
- JavaScript – необязательно, но желательно.
Желательно также уметь хорошо и красиво верстать, ну и чувство вкуса тоже не помешает.
Что мы ожидаем от блога? Что в блоге должно быть?
Блоги бывают разные – простые, сложные, различной тематики, личные и корпоративные, с различными типами записей и т.д. Базовый функционал блога включает в себя определённые страницы:
- Главная страница – обычно простая лента новостей. Возможно наличие специфических блоков (обо мне и т.д.).
- Страница категории – также лента новостей, иногда есть необходимость её стилизовать, продвигать по определённым запросам в соц. сетях.
- Пост (страница записи). Может быть и очень сложной и довольно простой. На странице поста находятся:
- Текст статьи, форматирование, изображения, цитаты и т.д.
- Информация – дата поста, кол-во просмотров и комментариев.
- Блок с комментариями, форма для комментария.
- Кнопки «поделиться»
- Связанные статьи (похожие статьи)
- Метки (теги)
- Страница тега. (просмотр записей по тегу)
- Поиск по блогу –
- Карта сайта –
Как видите, ничего сложного.
Что такое осень блог?Блог (да и вообще любой сайт) можно представить в виде страниц, функциональных блоков на этих страницах.
Эти все страницы должны взаимодействовать. Различные модули:
- Последние комментарии
- Модуль поиска
- Модуль входа на сайт
- Модули меню
- Рекомендуем почитать
- Вставка произвольного HTML блока (виджет группы в соц. сети и т.д.)
Каким блог должен быть структурно?
Я расскажу на примере своего блога, вы же можете идти другим путём. На каждой странице расположены различные блоки, нам потребуется. Каждый блок (компонент).
Роутер, система взаимодействия. Примеры.
Паттерны программирования. MVC и Singleton
Когда-то давно программистов было мало и каждый программист по куче раз наступал на грабли, изобретал свои велосипеды и писал свои костыли. Потом, когда программистов стало много и они устали изобретать велосипеды, какие-то программисты поняли что часто код структурно можно объединить в группы, такие себе «шаблончики проектирования». Такие вот структурные шаблоны и называются паттерны программирования. В сегодняшней статье мы рассмотрим паттерны MVC, и Singleton.
Паттерн Singleton
Singleton – это.
Паттерн MVC
MVC – это аббревиатура Model-View-Controller. Каждый компонент (визуально – блок) на сайте мы представляем в следующем виде.
При этом Модель определяет работу с данными.
Часто можно комбинировать различные модели и view. Например:
- Боковые блоки (разные модели, один view);
- Блог и список материалов (Одна модель, разные View).
Почему MVC? Расширяемость, гибкость, .
Приметы использования.
Структура
Получение данных выносим в ещё один абстрактный слой – библиотеки. Это бывает полезно когда у нас есть админка. Тогда нам не приходится по нескольку раз заниматься выборками из базы, кешированием и прочими вещами в каждой модели.
- Libraries – папка с библиотеками;
- Components – папка с компонентами;
- Templates – папка с шаблонами.
Итог
Домашнее задание:
- Разобраться в паттернах программирования MVC и Singleton.
- Попробовать рассмотреть структуру работы популярных CMS.
- Попробовать сделать набросок своей CMS (скачать набросок CMS от konservs.com).
На следующем занятии мы изучим:
- Отладка и логирование в CMS.
- Язык SQL. Работа с MySQL.
- Написание Singleton класса для MySQL и выполнение простых запросов.
Оглавление уроков
Ну, и напоследок, краткое оглавление уроков:
- Урок 1. Вступительный.
- Урок 2. Логирование на сайте. Язык SQL.
- Урок 3. Фабрика, кеширование.
- Сессии. Вход и регистрация.
- Поиск.
Поздравляю всех, кто осилил такой большой урок. До встречи!
Комментарии
вообще вот связка понятий одной CMS, описанной на сайте и остальных фреймвоков то будет:
CMS Фреймворки
libraries model
view view
model функция в controller
а еще! Всеми считается что ответ(как и 404) обязан отдавать контроллер, а не роутер.
и еще окошко для написания коммента хотелось чуть побольше
Но никто же не мешает нам в модели получать данные из библиотек
Библиотеки помогают нам использовать одни и те же данные в разных моделях.
Хотя суть, в принципе, ясна - можно в моделях подгружать другие модели, так ведь?
По поводу контроллера не понял. Он у нас и так может вернуть 404 или 403, который потом (всё равно через роутер или, допустим, назовём этот класс BApplication) вернётся пользователю как код ответа.
Вся суть - в том, чтобы разделить блоки на сайте в отдельные MVC-структурки, ответы которых потом можно удобно обрабатывать.
P.S. Готов обсудить любые улучшения, ведь это принесёт пользу всем.
Суть в том что у нас есть модель статьи. Она ответственна за всю работу с данными.
а контроллер выглядит так
Class BlogController{
function actionSingleArticle(){
$id=Request::get('id');
$data['article']=ArticleModel::getWithId($id);
return $viewSingleArticle->show($data);
}
function actionBlogArticles(){
$blogid=Request::get('blogid');
$data['articles']=ArticlesModel::getFromCat($blogid);
$data['cat']=CategoryModel::getWithId($blogid);
$return $viewBlogArticle->show($data);
}
}
То есть все что связано с пользователем(даже получение $_GET) должно идти в контроллере, модель вообще не должна знать и существовании пользователя.
А в чём плюс?
И можно ли рассматривать вариант изолированной админки? Например, когда в админке свои компоненты и шаблоны. Типа как в Joomla.
P.S. Когда разрабатывал архитектуру - ориентировался в том числе и на статью https://habrahabr.ru/post/175465/. Цитирую: В рамках этой концепции считается, что по мере возможности логику приложения (вроде бизнес-логики из примера выше) лучше всего помещать в модель, а не контроллер или представление.
В моём случае логика работы (проверка доступов и т.п.) помещается в модель, а библиотеки служат для универсальной работы с "сырыми" данными.
а большинство наших "моделей" на само деле заключаются только лишь в получении данных из базы, что вполне логично было бы навесить как функцию контроллера и не создавать целую модуль
Изолированная админка - пожалуйста. ты просто делаешь новый изолированный контроллер, который может взаимодействовать с библиотеками и все. админка готова
Модель никогда не должна знать ничего о внешнем воздействии. Проверку доступов нужно либо помещать в контроллер, либо обезличенно проверять в библиотеке
Плюс такого способа - отсутствие большого количества файлов в которых функционального смысла по 2 строки
Например, несколько моделей в 2 строки могут давать определённые "порции данных" - одни больше данных, другие - меньше. И для разных моделей мы разграничиваем доступ. А библиотека используется одна.
А если бы всё это оперировалось только в моделях - пришлось бы "костылить", наверное. Была бы "крутая" модель, которая оперирует наборами сущностей, и модели попроще, которые используют "крутую" модель. По сути то же самое, только всё на одном уровне.
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really need to a girl ask a boy on a date?
everybody think that if u ask out a guy, Then the guy appears to be a girl. hold on! anticipate this guy to ask you out. signs and symptoms that he likes you then just talk to him. around the hallways, Look at him straight away in the eyes, And laugh. dialog! If you love this guy and thinks he likes you back, Then talk with him! come on with him, Talk to him about such things as what movies you like that are in theatres, after which you say "Ive wanted to see that movie, that if he doesnt ask if you wanna go with him, after this you ask him. get online! in the event you him number, Txt him / her. if you forget to, Then talk about for it. Its always nice to use a txt convo, Because you know if u make a mistake, possible erase. they just want an excuse. So if you discover that she really isn't dating anyone then try to impress her or ask her friends if she talks about u and see what she says and fix it. Tell me if this will assist. ( Full response )
how might you ask a cousin for a date?
Well if your asking them for a romantic date then its impossible. Because your parents will eventually find out if your on a date with your cousin and they will be pissed. However this is a touchy subject due that most people view it as "mistaken, Like e transmitting them, Or texting or calling frequently to replace not being together. professionals who log in "chill" <a href=https://www.facebook.com/asiameofficial/>Asiame.COM</a> in concert when you visit their house perhaps. DO NOT UNDER ANY environment HAVE SEX! Just as normal sex its poisonous. Just stick to a normal relationship please i have given you all you need to have a relationship with her but please don't. Trust me when i say, Its just not worth it ( Full help answer )
as soon as you ask your boyfriends dad if his son will cheat on you?
never! His father wouldn't know if his son would cheat or not because one's love life is a personal matter. It's time you started to talk with your boyfriend and if you feel he is cheating on you then ask him. A good relationship is built on trust and good interactions skills. ( Full respond to )
What questions should I ask on a gay date?
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How should a stepmother attend a stepdaughters wedding if each of them do not get along?
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How should you ask him to date you?
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How old if you've been when you ask a girl on a date?
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Stepdaughter who lives out of state has asked to come live with me so she can be viewed a resident for college even though she knows I am divorcing her dad what are my legal rights?
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What say you decided to do if your cousin is always touching you and he doesn't stop when you ask him to?
TELL the person. it doesn't matter who it is, assuming that it's someone you trust who will listen to you: your parents, Your consultant, Your collegue's mom, Your school therapist. Anyone at all who is reputable. it's a must to tell someone. ( Full clear-cut conclusion ).
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